Photocatalysts for Water Treatment Applications

Welcome to our questionnaire! We appreciate your willingness to share your insights and expertise.

Motivation: As we delve into the fascinating world of photocatalysts for water quality improvement, your input is invaluable. We aim to gather comprehensive information on various photocatalytic products, their effectiveness, and specific applications in water treatment. Your responses will contribute to a deeper understanding of how these technologies can help address critical water quality challenges.

Invitation: We invite you to participate in this questionnaire to share details about the photocatalysts you have worked with. Specifically, we are interested in: titanium dioxide and zinc oxide

Your insights will help us and others understand the capabilities and potential of photocatalysts in enhancing water quality. Thank you for your time and valuable contributions!

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What types of photocatalysts do you offer for water treatment applications?

What types of photocatalysts do you offer for water treatment applications?

What types of photocatalysts do you offer for water treatment applications?

Can you detail the chemical composition of your photocatalysts?

  1. Titanium dioxide (TiO₂): Available in anatase (most effective for photocatalysis) or rutile forms, sometimes doped with elements like nitrogen (N) or tungsten (W) to enhance visible light absorption.
  2. Zinc oxide (ZnO) photocatalysts are composed of Zn and O, with a wurtzite structure and a bandgap of around 3.2 eV. Metal (Fe, Cu, Ce) or non-metal (N, S) doping, composite formation (e.g., ZnO/TiO₂, ZnO/graphene), or surface alterations (e.g., noble metal deposition) might improve their performance. These adjustments increase light absorption, charge separation, and catalytic efficiency.

What contaminants are effectively addressed by your photocatalysts in water treatment?

Others

  1. Pharmaceutical compounds:

How effective are your photocatalysts for eliminating organic pollutants?

  1. 5
  2. 0
  3. 90
  4. 1

What unique features do your photocatalysts possess for water treatment applications?

  1. TiO₂: High chemical stability, non-toxic, effective under UV. ZnO: More responsive to sunlight, better antibacterial activity than TiO₂. Advanced doping: Improves visible light absorption.
  2. Strong oxidation potential enables the complete mineralization of organic pollutants.

Do your photocatalysts perform better under UV light, visible light, or both?

What is the efficiency of your photocatalysts in diverse lighting conditions?

  1. Under intense UV (365 nm lamp, 10-50 mW/cm²): Rapid degradation (90% of pollutants in 2-3 hours). Under natural sunlight: ZnO outperforms TiO₂. Under visible LED (450-600 nm): Efficiency improved by doping (e.g., N-TiO₂, Ag-ZnO).
  2. Very high (typically > 90% degradation of pollutants within hours)

Do you have performance data or case studies showcasing the effectiveness of your photocatalysts?

If yes, can you share specific research papers or documents detailing their performance?

  1. Yes, scientific articles published in journals such as Applied Catalysis B: Environmental and Journal of Hazardous Materials detail the performance of TiO₂ and ZnO photocatalysts
  2. None

What are the operational requirements for utilizing your photocatalysts in water treatment processes?

  1. Light source: UV (Hg lamp, UV LED) or sunlight. Contact surface: Maximized with water through membranes or suspended nanoparticles. Optimal temperature: 20-40°C. pH: Optimal between 5 and 9, depending on the photocatalyst.
  2. Light source Catalyst concentration Reaction time pH Reactor design Pollutants concentration Reuse ability

What is the recommended dosage of photocatalyst per liter of water for effective treatment?

  1. 5
  2. 0
  3. 0.1
  4. 2

How do environmental conditions (such as pH, temperature, and turbidity) affect photocatalyst performance?

  1. pH: ZnO is less stable in acidic environments (risk of dissolution). Temperature: Performance increases between 25-40°C. Turbidity: Suspended particles can block light and reduce efficiency.
  2. High turbidity reduces light penetration, limiting catalyst activation. Enhanced hydroxyl radical production, but may reduce some pollutant interactions.

Are your photocatalysts effective against bacteria and viruses in water?

What is the average lifespan of your photocatalysts during continuous use?

  1. 10
  2. 5
  3. 12
  4. 1

Can your photocatalysts be regenerated or reused? If so, how?

  1. Yes, through: Filtration and washing (for suspended nanoparticles). Heating at 400-500°C (surface reactivation). Chemical recycling using H₂O₂ or mild acids.
  2. YES. Thermal Treatment: Heating at 300-500°C to remove organic fouling. Chemical Washing: Using dilute acids (HCl, HNO₃) or alkaline solutions to dissolve surface contaminants. Ultrasonic Treatment: Sonication to disperse agglomerated particles. Surface Modification: Coating with materials like TiO₂ or doping with metals .

What safety measures should be taken when using your photocatalysts?

  1. Handle nanoparticles with gloves and a mask. Avoid inhaling dry TiO₂/ZnO powders. Store away from moisture and light.
  2. Use gloves, masks, and protective eyewear when handling ZnO nanoparticles. Avoid inhalation or direct skin contact, as fine ZnO particles can cause irritation.

Do you provide guidelines for the disposal of spent photocatalysts?

What feedback have users reported regarding their experiences with your photocatalysts in water treatment?

  1. Advantages: High efficiency, low cost, compatibility with various light sources. Limitations: Need for filtration after use in suspension, reduced efficiency in turbid water.
  2. High efficiency in degrading organic pollutants like dyes and pharmaceuticals. Works effectively under both UV and visible light (for modified ZnO systems). Regenerable and reusable with proper treatment.

What future developments or innovations are you planning in the field of photocatalysts for water treatment?

    What future developments or innovations are you planning in the field of photocatalysts for water treatment?

    1. Doped photocatalysts (Ag, N, C, Fe) for visible light activation. Nanostructured supports (graphene, MOFs) to enhance efficiency. Integrated systems with membrane filtration to prevent nanoparticle dispersion.
    2. Doping & Surface Modification: Adding Fe, N, or Ag to enhance photocatalytic efficiency and stability.
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